Journey

Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes or heterophils) are the most abundant type of granulocytes and make up 40% to 70% of all white blood cells in humans. ^{(02) Neutrophil – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil} They form an essential part of the innate immune system;, protecting you from infection and “gobbling up” invaders.

A normal (absolute) neutrophil count is between 2500 and 6000 neutrophils per microliter of blood. ^{(03) Neutrophil Blood Test Results and Why They Matter}

• A high neutrophil count may be due to infections, a leukaemia cancer, or physical or emotional stress.
• Low neutrophil levels, or neutropenia, also may be a sign of leukaemia, some types of infection, vitamin B12 deficiency, chemotherapy, and more. A low level of neutrophils, may be most dangerous in predisposing people to infections.
• The normal range for neutrophils on a blood differential test is 40% to 60%. Lymphocytes account for 20% to 40%, with monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and bands making up the rest.

They play the role of the first line of defence against infectious organisms that enter your body.

• These cells are the first cells to arrive on the scene when we experience bacterial infections.
• Damage to cells results in the release of “chemokines” which attract neutrophils to the site in a process called chemotaxis. 
• Neutrophils address foreign invaders by “eating them,” a process referred to as phagocytosis, or by taking them up into the cell in a process called endocytosis. Once the foreign organism is inside the neutrophil, it is “treated” with enzymes which result in the destruction of the organism. Neutrophils also help regulate the immune response in general.

Neutrophils have a very short lifespan of less than 24 hours, but your body produces roughly 100 billion of these cells each day. After being released from the bone marrow, around half of these cells are present along the lining of blood vessels and the other half are found in tissues of the body.

The differential white cell count

(p. 345 Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine) ^{(04) Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, Tenth Edition, 2017}

Increased in (ie neutrophilia):

• Bacterial infections.
• Inflammation, eg myocardial infarction, polyarteritis nodosa.
• Myeloproliferative disorders.
• Drugs (steroids).
• Disseminated malignancy.
• Stress, eg trauma, surgery, burns, haemorrhage, seizure.

Decreased in (ie neutropenia):

• Viral infections.
• Drugs: post-chemotherapy, cytotoxic agents, carbimazole, sulfonamides.
• Severe sepsis.
• Neutrophil antibodies (SLE, haemolytic anaemia)—^destruction.
• Hypersplenism eg Felty’s syndrome
• Bone marrow failure—production .

Other neutrophil responses to infection include:

• Vacuoles in the cytoplasm (the most specific sign of bacterial infection);
• Döhle bodies: inconspicuous grey-blue areas of cytoplasm (residual ribosomes). Up to 17% of neutrophils from females show a drumstick-shaped Barr body. It is the inactivated X chromosome.

The seriousness of a low neutrophil count depends on several factors, especially the degree of neutropenia. When these cells are limited in either number or function or both, your body is less able to fight off infections, even with bacteria that ordinarily do not cause serious infections. ^{(05) Neutrophil Blood Test Results and Why They Matter}

Conditions That May Cause Neutropenia

A decreased neutrophil count could be due to:

• Chemotherapy
• Aplastic anemia
• Radiation exposure
• Myelodysplasia
• Blood-related cancers which infiltrate the bone marrow such as leukemia
• Viral infections
• Overwhelming infections (sepsis)
• Rickettsial infections, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Typhoid fever
• Hypersplenism, or an overactive spleen
• Drug reactions, such as to penicillin, ibuprofen, and phenytoin
• High blood sugar
• Vitamin B12 deficiency (megaloblastic anemia) and folic acid deficiency
• Kostmann’s neutropenia (a genetic condition which affects young children)
• Idiosyncratic, meaning nobody knows for certain why a neutrophil count is low

A patent listed in the Fauci Dossier, can apparently inhibit human neutrophils

Woah.. interesting, since every jab has salts and sugars listed: i.e.

• AstraZeneca – sodium chloride (salt), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (salt), disodium edetate (EDTA) (salt), sucrose (sugar)
• Pfizer – potassium chloride, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, sucrose
• Moderna – sodium acetate trihydrate, sucrose
• See also: Dr Ryan Cole – no graphene or parasites in 100+ vials tested
• Note: the actual ingredients are protected by IP, 280 unlisted materials protected in Pfizer, so we will never know what’s in any of these vials unless someone really high up in the company leaks them, which is doubtful, and even then, the world won’t believe them anyway because they think what is listed on the FDA is the actual ingredients – because they don’t research, and the media will smear them, and the public will parrot whatever the media tells them to believe.

Is there any equipment in any lab that could test and see if they are using a “patented chemical-derivative of salt” that could be destroying neutrophils? Would be so interesting to find out if this is even possible to test – and if those in labs have even considered this as a possibility???

Or maybe we don’t need to even find a way to test it.

If there is a link to the company that has patented this concoction “Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA” to the jabs &/or bioweapon/virus/wuhan?

Based in Parma, Italy, Chiesi Farmaceutici is an international research-focused healthcare group with 85 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry and a global presence in 29 countries. 

Hmm, quick look at their website and can already see a connection, under Partners

• Pfizer, Merck, and a dozen others
• And affiliates all over the world
• And good lord…
  • Parma,  July 2, 2020 – Thomas Eichholtz is the new Head of Global Research and Development at the Chiesi Group. 
    • Thomas Eichholtz began his professional career in the pharmaceutical industry in 1993 at Wellcome as a post-doctoral Research Scientist.
    • During the following 9 years, he was appointed Head of COPD Research in GlaxoWellcome and subsequently Genetics and Surrogates Head in GSK.
    • In 2002 he moved to Pfizer, initially as Head of COPD Biology and later as Head of Biology Respiratory Diseases.
    • In 2003 he joined AstraZeneca as Head of Translational Sciences, subsequently becoming Head of Discovery then Head of Project Management, always in Respiratory & Inflammation.
    • In Almirall (2012) he had the role of Head of Discovery, then Head of R&D; in Mundipharma (2018) he was Head of External R&D and most recently, he co-founded Evolve Healthcare Partners, a Private Equity fund.
• Another coinqydink..
  • September 16, 2020 – Moderna and Chiesi Group Establish Collaboration to Discover and Develop mRNA Therapeutics for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
    • CAMBRIDGE, Mass. and Parma, Italy – Moderna, Inc. (Nasdaq: MRNA), a biotechnology company pioneering messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics and vaccines to create a new generation of transformative medicines for patients and Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., an international research-focused healthcare group (Chiesi Group), today announced a collaboration aimed at the discovery and development of mRNA therapeutics for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH),  a rare disease with an incidence of 2–5 per million adults. PAH is a progressive disorder characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs with concomitant right heart failure. There is an unmet medical need for novel treatments that could delay, or reverse, the disease progression in patients.
    • Under the terms of the agreement, Moderna will lead discovery efforts, leveraging its leading mRNA technology and delivery platforms along with Chiesi’s expertise in the field of PAH biology. Chiesi Group will lead development and worldwide commercialization activities and will fund all expenses related to the collaboration. Moderna will receive $25 million upfront and is eligible for more than $400 million in development, regulatory, and commercial milestones, as well as tiered double-digit royalties on net sales.
• Parma (Italy), March 9, 2021 – Growth continues at Chiesi, an international research-focussed pharmaceutical group based in Parma, Italy, with 30 affiliates worldwide. The company’s turnover, which stood at €2 billion 229 million in 2020 with an increase of 11.8% compared to 2019, speaks for itself.
  • This new business unit, which was set up at sites in Parma and Boston, Massachusetts, at the beginning of 2020, aims to make advances in the research and development of new therapeutic solutions for rare and ultra-rare diseases.
  • The company formed several key strategic partnerships at international level in 2020. One of the most important agreements was reached with Moderna, Inc, aimed at discovering, developing and marketing new candidate therapies for the treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). In November 2020 an exclusive partnership was announced with Kaia Health, a leading company in the digital therapy sector, for the European marketing of Kaia COPD Management, an app for pulmonary rehabilitation in people affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

That doesn’t mean anything as yet, but it’s a rabbit hole to explore; to see if that salt-concoction is connected in any way to the manufacturers. Funny coincidence having an ex-Pfizer, ex-AZ, ex-GSK, ex-Wellcome dude head-up their Global R&D in July 2020. Fascinating. Very interesting to partner with Moderna on novel treatments too.

Learn more about the Fauci Dossier:
[Legal] Dr David Martin – Paper Trail As Far Back As 1999 Leads To Current Pandemic

H. pylori is the most common bacterial pathogen found worldwide (it infects more than half of the world’s population over the age of 40). It’s a class I carcinogen causing gastritis, duodenal/gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer/lymphoma (MALT, p362), also associated with coronary artery disease, B12, and iron deficiency. (p. 267 Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, Tenth Edition, 2017)

^^^ That’s not the note I was looking for, but I happened to come across it while reading that Oxford handbook. I’m looking for a study/pdf report done by a doctor during the first year of COVID, which is literally 30 to 50 pages long and blames a vitamin B12 deficiency on COVID. I know I have it around here somewhere. It was not published on pubmed or anything, it was posted on his website. I can’t even remember his name, and never did a post about it; just remember reading it.

From my post taking notes on the book “The Truth About Food Grade Hydrogen Peroxide” ^{(07) The Truth About Food Grade Hydrogen Peroxide Book Notes}

IMMUNITY

OXYGENATION

CANDIDA
Hydrogen Peroxide & Iodine
In one of the best designed and best reported experiments I have ever encountered, researchers at the Boston University Medical Center clearly demonstrated that human white blood cells must have hydrogen peroxide in order to control Candida Albicans. White blood cells must also have a very important enzyme called myeloperoxidase, along with iodine in order to use the hydrogen peroxide to damage and/or destroy Candida Albicans. In their experiments, neutophils were obtained from the blood of people who suffered from chronic granulomatous disease, which means that they were unable to generate normal amounts of hydrogen peroxide. They also obtained neutrophils from people who suffered from a genetic inability to produce myeloperoxidase. In both instances, the neutrophils were unable to damage Candida in any way. Also, if chlorine was used in place of iodine, the white blood cells were unable to control the Candida. So, apparently myeloperoxidase (or iron), hydrogen peroxide and iodine are all necessary for the body to control Candida.

The mechanism of action is believed to be that myeloperoxidas and/or iron combines hydrogen peroxide with iodine to create hypo-iodous acid? (HOI) and hydroxyl radicals.

H2O2 + I > HIO + OH*
hydrogen peroxide + iodine >
Hypo-iodous acid + hydroxyl radicals

Hypo-iodous acid (HIO) is a powerful disinfectant. It is the iodine analogue to the hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that is formed when mixing chlorine with water. HIO is the active ingredient responsible for disinfection by iodine solutions used in the medical profession such as povidone iodine.

Both hypo-iodous acid and hydroxyl radicals are highly damaging to most anything with they contact. Ideally, white blood cells engulf Candida cells and direct their granules towards them within a special compartment inside the white blood cell. If the white blood cell is unable to engulf the pathogen, then it may release the contents of its granulocytes into the interstitial space which surrounds the outside of every cell, which can lead to…

From my post “Graphene Toxicity Reports & Scientific Publications“

• Neutrophils degrade graphene oxide, mediated by myeloperoxidase

• Graphene oxide generates thrombi
  • Graphene oxide generates blood coagulation 
• Blood exposure to graphene oxide may cause anaphylactic death in non-human primates
• Graphene oxide induces apoptotic cell death in endothelial cells by activating autophagy via calcium-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases
• Graphene oxide induces apoptotic cell death in endothelial cells by activating autophagy via calcium-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases
• PEGylation of Reduced Graphene Oxide Induces Toxicity in Cells of the Blood–Brain Barrier: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study 
  • (rGO with PEG coating induced deleterious effects to Blood-Brain Barrier, Central Nervous System) 
• Graphene Oxide can cause Alzheimer’s disease
• Graphene Oxide Negatively Regulates Cell Cycle in Embryonic Fibroblast Cells
  • graphene oxide at both nano- and micro-scale damages cell physiology and increases cell population in the S phase of the cell cycle.”
• DNA Melting and Genotoxicity Induced by Silver Nanoparticles and Graphene
• Hydroxylated-Graphene Quantum Dots Induce DNA Damage and Disrupt Microtubule Structure in Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells
• Can graphene quantum dots cause DNA damage in cells?
  • The GQD-induced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was demonstrated to be responsible for the observed DNA damage.

You get the point… the post is huge and has many more examples, sorted by categories:

1. Blood Cells, Blood Coagulation, Blood Exposure
2. Blood-Brain Barrier & Neural
3. Cancer, DNA Damage, DNA Repair Gene Expressions
4. General Toxicity & Genotoxicity
5. Gut & Kidneys
6. Lungs & Respiratory
7. Reproductive System
8. Biomedical, Hydrogels, Implantable Sensors, Vaccines
9. Radio Frequency & Nanosensor Networks
10. Remote Control – Brain, Heart & Neurons
11. Graphene allows you to pace cells at will
12. Sound Control – virus delivered via gene-therapy – funded by NIH/DARPA
13. Magnetic mind control – genetically-engineered adenovirus – Rockefeller.edu
14. Journal Collections of Latest Research & Reviews
15. Analysis of Graphene-Focused Scientific Articles

Graphene, Graphene Oxide, Reduced Graphene Oxide, Graphene Hydroxide, Graphene Quantum Dots, and graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) cause all kinds of cell and DNA damage, and Neutrophils ‘degrade’ graphene. Thereby, if we’re unable to generate enough neutrophils; or if the neutrophils (such as in Dr. Y’s video) do not go near the “nanotech” (if this is even related—we don’t know what these weird structures are or what they are made from, even though there’s enough suspicion to think that it may be); but if it is graphene-related; we need our neutrophils functioning well to degrade it.

From my post “Graphene oxide exposure = same symptoms as COVID“

• Our immune system handles graphene oxide in a manner similar to pathogens
• Graphene is the thinnest material known to man, a million times thinner than a human hair.

Researchers found that Graphene Oxide causes specific changes in the lipid composition of the cell membrane of neutrophils, leading to the release of NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps). They could also show that antioxidant treatment reversed this process. Graphene Oxide is degraded in NETs, much like bacteria and other pathogens.

Taken together, these studies show that graphene oxide can be trapped and degraded in NETs just like pathogens. 

• Graphene Oxide Elicits Membrane Lipid Changes and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation
• Graphene oxide is detected by specialised cells of the immune system
• Cell-Cycle Proteins Control Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
  • “In your bloodstream, there are immune cells called neutrophils that, when faced with a pathogenic threat, will expel their DNA like a net to contain it. These DNA snares are called neutrophil extracellular traps or NETs. Once a neutrophil is forced induced to release its NETs, it anchors itself in the tissue and breaks down its nuclear envelope: the barrier between the nuclear DNA and the rest of the cell.” 
• Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
  • “Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are made of a network of extracellular strings of DNA that bind pathogenic microbes. Histones and several neutrophil granule proteins associated with the DNA framework damage entrapped microorganisms. Reactive oxygen species generated by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase have been shown to be essential to mediate NET release by several stimuli including numerous pathogenic bacteria.

• Graphene oxide inside the body causes thrombogenicity, thrombi, blood clotting, post inflammatory syndrome or systemic or multi-organ inflammations.
• Graphene oxide inside the body when it is above the levels of glutathione —which is the body’s natural reserve of antioxidants—causes alteration of the immune system, collapse of the immune system and cytokine storm.
• Inhaled graphene oxide spreads evenly throughout the alveolar tract and causes bilateral pneumonias, inflammation of the mucous membranes and thus possible loss of taste and smell.
• When installed at the neuronal level, it causes neurodegeneration

From my post “[Australia] What’s In The Blood?” (See the post for images/video/pdf and more details)

A group of Australian pathologists who specialise in Live Blood Analysis using dark field and phase microscopy have documented anomalies that have arisen since the vaccine rollout began in 2021.

One of the images they submitted showed black crystals destroying neutrophils.

From What is in the so-called COVID-19 “Vaccines”? ^{(08) What is in the so-called COVID-19 “Vaccines”? Part 1: Evidence of a Global Crime Against Humanity https://ijvtpr.com/index.php/IJVTPR/article/view/52}

According to the scientists, neutrophils (white blood cells), which are an important part of our innate immune system, are attracted to these crystals in a possible “attempt to neutralize them” via a NETS (neutrophil extracellular traps) response, viz. here as they make an apparent beeline for one of the crystals. (see paper for images)

However, the neutrophils are “soon destroyed by the crystals”, apparently bursting upon contact: (see paper for images)

More neutrophils then surround the crystals, but they, too, are unsuccessful: (see paper for images)

This matches a finding of the Austrian researchers above. According to the Australian scientists, the neutrophils are depleted at a faster rate than they can regenerate, thus depleting the immune system, something which would be consistent with claims of vaccine-induced AIDS.

Just by looking at a person’s blood, it is possible to tell whether or not they have received a COVID-19 “vaccine”, so great are the differences between “vaccinated” and “unvaccinated” blood.

Edited out a couple of clips from a really long video I watched.

Dr Robert Young states that two-thirds / approx. 60-65% of our white blood cells are neutrophils.

Rumble | Full Video

• Antidotes:
  • Covers Chlorine Dioxide as a powerful antidote, because it breaks down to oxygen 01 which the body can use.
    • (I’m assuming he’s talking about MMS, CDS, and CDH – if these terms are new to you, start your research journey at: theuniversalantidote.com)
  • Sodium potassium bicarbonate supports the white blood cells.
  • Do not eat eggs or meat; pathogens.
  • Eat foods that promote healthy blood.
• (I’m probably not writing these correctly, watch the video and visit his website drrobertyoung.com to learn more – plus he has a much more detailed and important video that I am still yet to post about where he found new synthetic, patented-parasites in the blood and the potential antidotes to that – just not enough time in the day to follow all the white rabbits!).

He says our “inverted” lifestyle – the over-acidification of the blood and tissues is the cause of all sickness and disease; “we have a perverted way of living that is out of sync with nature and we need to get back to nature”. It’s all about maintaining the environment – restore the alkaline lifestyle.

He also covers topics not often talked about – using a couple of quotes from the Bible as examples and lessons, and the story of Red Riding Hood as a metaphor for what’s going on now with the “trust us” evil psychopaths. He says we’re being turned into transhumanism slaves “the internet of things” by a Luciferian artificial intelligence.

Whenever someone quotes from the bible, and I look it up, and the quote seems to be different than what they said, I end up down “translation rabbit holes” and the same happened here when I watched this video.

Anyways, wherever we all are in our belief systems, seemingly all of us are on a different wave-length, but it’s most definitely an interesting video and the main message in this video is understanding the role of neutrophils, red blood cells, white blood cells, chemicals, toxins, poisons, herbicides, etc. and using common sense to rectify our toxic lifestyles.

Towards the end of the video, I added in another clip where he shows normal blood vs what he’s seeing in the vaccinated blood.

From my post ‘Time for the truth on the presence of graphene in the shots‘

Notes on possible Antidotes:

• Glutathione & NAC
• Lactic acid bacteria
• Zinc
• myeloperoxidase derived from human neutrophils
  • Human white blood cells in the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide
  • Nicotine
  • Horseradish? (Horseradish peroxidase)

Lactic Acid Bacteria – Lactic acid bacteria could protect from the toxicity of graphene oxide in the intestine. It effectively “blocked GO translocation into secondary target organs across the intestinal barrier while maintaining normal intestinal permeability.” and the study concluded “This information could be very important to help mitigate or counteract the effects of graphene oxide”

Zinc – Supplementing with Zinc maintains optimal levels of the master antioxidant Glutathione and this manages to efficiently degrade the toxin that causes the disease; graphene oxide

myeloperoxidase / neutrophils – Neutrophils are a type of white blood cells. The neutrophils phagocytose or “eat” the graphene and secrete the enzyme myeloperoxidase that dissolves the graphene. “…researchers show that myeloperoxidase, derived from human white blood cells in the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide, can completely metabolize graphene oxide in the case of highly dispersed samples.”

• Graphene oxide is degraded by neutrophils, and the degradation products are non-genotoxic
• Degradation of Single-Layer and Few-Layer Graphene by Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase.
• Biodegradation of carbon nanohorns in macrophage cells

My problem or skepticism with the publications that say our own immune system can degrade graphene (macrophages, myeloperoxidase / neutrophils), is “science has been hijacked by the bad guys,” and graphene is a billion-dollar “bad-guy” business—with a really, really nasty desire to “hook us all up to the AI-cloud of Human 2.0” and have totalitarian, inhumane, globalist wet-dreams. That, and there is no standardized “recipe” for the various graphene-based compositions; they come in many “flavours.” Could they have put false-studies out to make out that it is somewhat “biodegradable” and thereby ‘safe’ for human consumption? And even so, are these studies even relevant to whatever composite/version that we’re finding in the blood/vials?

My scepticism was heightened, when the first idea provided on “Increasing myeloperoxidase / neutrophils”, was Nicotine:

• “Lung myeloperoxidase mRNA and protein increased in the nicotine-exposed rats. Complete blood counts also showed an increase in neutrophils, white blood cells, eosinophils, and basophils.”
• “Neutrophils are recruited in greater numbers into the lungs of smokers“

Wouldn’t that be a logical “response” to a toxin? If the neutrophils are working as it should, when your body is exposed to a toxin, then if the body is functioning correctly, the neutrophils ‘would’ be ‘naturally’ in greater numbers in the lungs of smokers. That doesn’t necessarily equate to ‘adding more toxins into your body’ in the hopes of generating more neutrophils.

Horseradish was another idea, but only one study found at the time I was doing the graphene research. It said:

• “By incubating nanotubes with a natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and low concentrations of H₂O₂ (∼40 μM) at 4 °C over 12 weeks under static conditions, we show the increased degradation of nanotube structure.”

I’m seeing a common thread here of “hydrogen peroxide” (H_²O_²), and see no downsides at all to adding that into our daily life (I already do), but I don’t know what ‘HRP‘ is (what do they mean by ‘a natural horseradish peroxidase‘?) Is “Horseradish” something that can even be an equivalent remedy when it seems they took a specific slice’n’dice version of it?

The genocidal psychopaths are ‘anti-myeloperoxidase” and are funding researchers to find a way to “deal with the problem”, because it’s an enzyme that “suddenly breaks down” the carbon nanotubes used as drug-delivery vehicles.

• Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives

By the looks of Dr Y’s video, and the Australian pathology images, it seems they’ve already figured out a way to by-pass our bodies natural defences (myeloperoxidase/neutrophils) to graphene (or whatever concoction they are getting into us):

• In the case of Dr Yanowitz – the neutrophils aren’t going near the structures.
• In the case of the Australian pathologists – black crystals were destroying the neutrophils.

La Quinta Columna (the graphene whistleblowers from Spain) recommend the following for graphene detox:

• Increase Glutathione Levels; ie. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and a diet rich in sulfur (garlic, onion, broccoli, kale, cauliflower, etc.) fruits and vegetables, and avoiding processed foods.
• Zinc
• Melatonin
• Astaxanthin
• Quercetin
• Vitamin D3
• Milk Thistle.

From my post ‘Toxicity Of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles (Paper)‘

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) is another possibility of what we are being exposed to (based on Human 2.0-like studies of “remote-control’ from Rockefeller Institute and from people being magnetic – jabbed or not – first noticed after the rollout).

• “Emerging studies have begun to highlight aberrant cellular responses including DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane dysfunction and changes in gene expression as a result of SPION exposure”

Environmental Health Criteria 16. Radiofrequency and Microwaves. 6 Oct 1981. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Health Organization, and the International Radiation Protection Association. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1981.

In studies on 3 strains of rats:

• a 7-h exposure to 24 GHz microwave radiation at 20 mW/cm2 induced significant leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and neutrophilia with recovery in 1 week;
• after a 10-min exposure at 20 mW/cm2 or a 3-h exposure at 10 mW/cm2, recovery occurred in 2 days (Deichman et al., 1964).
• The changes observed were strain-dependent, because in 2 strains the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and neurophiles increased, while in one strain it decreased.

• Decreases in lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes, and increases in granulocytes and reticulocytes were observed in rats by Kitsovskaja (1964) after 3 GHz exposure at 40 mW/cm2 (15 min per day for 20 days) and 100 mW/cm2 (5 min per day, for 6 days).
• Exposure at 10 mW/cm2 (1 h per day for 216 days) resulted in decreases in total WBC and ‘lymphocytes and an increase in granulocytes with no changes in other blood components.
  • However, in a study on rats exposed to 2.4 GHz microwaves at 5 mW/cm2 (1 h per day for 90 days), Djordjevic et al. (1977) did not observe any significant differences in the haematocrit, mean cell volume, and haemoglobin between the exposed and control groups during 90 days of exposure and for 30 days afterwards.
    • Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophiles. ^{(09) p. 74 Environmental Health Criteria 16. Radiofrequency and Microwaves. 6 Oct 1981 World Health Organization, Geneva, 1981.}

• Dogs were exposed to 1285 MHz, 2.8 GHz and 24 GHz at power densities between 20 and 165 mW/cm2 (Michaelson et al., 1964, 1971).
  • Following exposure to 1285 MHz radiation at 100 mW/cm2 for 6 h, a marked increase in leukocytes and neutrophils was found.
    • After 24 h, the neutrophil count continued to increase but the lymphocyte and eosinophil counts decreased.
  • Neutrophil counts after exposures at 50 and 20 mW/cm2 (1285 MHz) did not differ significantly from those of control animals.
  • A decrease in lymphocytes was noted after the exposures at 100 mW/cm2 and 50 mW/cm2, but not after that at 20 mW /cm2 (Michaelson et al., 1971).
    • Haematological examination of the dogs for 12 months after exposure at 20 mW/cm2 did not reveal any end points that differed from the control groups.
  • A number of studies are listed in Table 16 with details of exposure conditions and results of microwave-induced changes in the haemopoietic and immunocompetent cell systems. ^{(10) p. 75 Environmental Health Criteria 16. Radiofrequency and Microwaves. 6 Oct 1981 World Health Organization, Geneva, 1981.}

Evidence for a connection between coronavirus disease-19 and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G ^{(11) Rubik B, Brown RR. Evidence for a connection between coronavirus disease-19 and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G. J Clin Transl Res. 2021 Sep 29;7(5):666-681. PMID: 34778597; PMCID: PMC8580522.}

Commonalities Between COVID-19 and Radiation Injury ^{(12)Commonalities Between COVID-19 and Radiation Injury, Carmen I. Rios, David R. Cassatt, Brynn A. Hollingsworth, Merriline M. Satyamitra, Yeabsera S. Tadesse, Lanyn P. Taliaferro, Thomas A. Winters, Andrea L. DiCarlo … Click for full citation}

The mRNA-LNP platform’s lipid nanoparticle component used in preclinical vaccine studies is highly inflammatory ^{(13)Ndeupen S, Qin Z, Jacobsen S, Bouteau A, Estanbouli H, Igyártó BZ. The mRNA-LNP platform’s lipid nanoparticle component used in preclinical vaccine studies is highly inflammatory. iScience. 2021 Dec 17;24(12):103479. doi: … Click for full citation}

“Here we present evidence that Acuitas’ LNPs used in preclinical nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine studies are highly inflammatory in mice. Intradermal and intramuscular injection of these LNPs led to rapid and robust inflammatory responses, characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration, activation of diverse inflammatory pathways, and production of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The same dose of LNP delivered intranasally led to similar inflammatory responses in the lung and resulted in a high mortality rate, with mechanism unresolved. Thus, the mRNA-LNP platforms’ potency in supporting the induction of adaptive immune responses and the observed side effects may stem from the LNPs’ highly inflammatory nature.

• Flow cytometry revealed massive and rapid leukocytic infiltrates dominated by neutrophils that slowly resolved by day 14
• To test whether intramuscular delivery also leads to inflammation, we injected animals intramuscularly with 10 mg of LNPs in 30 mL of PBS or PBS alone. Twenty-four hours later, the injected muscles were collected for analysis. Similar to the skin, we observed robust neutrophil infiltration to the muscle samples that received LNPs.
• The Luminex data corroborated the flow cytometry findings and demonstrated the presence of a variety of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in comparison to control samples. Chemokines that attract neutrophils and monocytes and promote their functions, such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL12, CXCL1, and CXCL2, dominated the panel. The inflammatory responses triggered by the LNPs alone or complexed with mRNAs were independent of the delivery route and were dominated by neutrophil infiltration. Despite the induction of phenotypically similar innate inflammatory responses, unlike intradermal and intramuscular inoculations, intranasal delivery of 2.5 mg of mRNA-LNP coding for PR8 HA did not lead to detectable levels of adaptive immune responses (unpublished observation). Thus, slight differences are likely to exist between the route of administration, which warrants further investigation to optimize this platform for intranasal use. Understanding the cellular and molecular differences between intradermal/intramuscular and intranasal delivery sites that underline this dissimilarity in adaptive immune responses might also help to decipher why certain people do not react to the intramuscularly delivered mRNA-LNP vaccines.

Pubmed search for “Neutrophils” “vaccine” in Title/Abstract, sorted by date “newest”, that I will go through over the next however long (that I haven’t looked at yet, this is just my jot-pad)

1. A case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Comirnaty®) vaccination ^{(14)Shimada Y, Nagaba Y, Okawa H, Ehara K, Okada S, Yokomori H. A case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Comirnaty®) vaccination. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Oct 28;101(43):e31304. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031304. PMID: … Click for full citation}
2. Disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex infection after COVID-19 vaccination in a rheumatoid arthritis patient: a case report and review ^{(15)Mohamadzadeh D, Assar S, Pournazari M, Soufivand P, Danaei S. Disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex infection after COVID-19 vaccination in a rheumatoid arthritis patient: a case report and review. Reumatismo. 2022 Sep 13;74(2). doi: … Click for full citation}
3. Nanotoxoid vaccination protects against opportunistic bacterial infections arising from immunodeficiency ^{(16)Zhou J, Krishnan N, Guo Z, Ventura CJ, Holay M, Zhang Q, Wei X, Gao W, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanotoxoid vaccination protects against opportunistic bacterial infections arising from immunodeficiency. Sci Adv. 2022 Sep 9;8(36):eabq5492. doi: … Click for full citation}
4. NETosis and thrombosis in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia ^{(17)Leung HHL, Perdomo J, Ahmadi Z, Zheng SS, Rashid FN, Enjeti A, Ting SB, Chong JJH, Chong BH. NETosis and thrombosis in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Nat Commun. 2022 Sep 5;13(1):5206. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32946-1. PMID: … Click for full citation}
5. Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Understanding the Immune Response in the Bronchoalveolar System ^{(18)Herrera MT, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Bobadilla K, Santos-Mendoza T, Flores-Valdez MA, Gutiérrez-González LH, González Y. Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Understanding the Immune Response in the Bronchoalveolar System. Biomolecules. 2022 Aug … Click for full citation}
6. Neutrophils recruited to immunization sites initiating vaccine-induced antibody responses by locally expressing BAFF ^{(19)Wang Y, Qu K, Lu W, Zhao P, Wang Z, Cui C, Liu Y, Yang M, Yu Y, Wang L. Neutrophils recruited to immunization sites initiating vaccine-induced antibody responses by locally expressing BAFF. iScience. 2022 May 23;25(6):104453. doi: … Click for full citation}
7. Vitamin D3 Priming of Dendritic Cells Shifts Human Neutrophil-Dependent Th17 Cell Development to Regulatory T Cells ^{(20)Hafkamp FMJ, Taanman-Kueter EWM, van Capel TMM, Kormelink TG, de Jong EC. Vitamin D3 Priming of Dendritic Cells Shifts Human Neutrophil-Dependent Th17 Cell Development to Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 7;13:872665. doi: … Click for full citation}
8. The infectivity and pathogenicity of hepatitis A virus live-attenuated vaccine strain H2 in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice ^{(21)Ma QQ, Wang HJ, Li J, Li MQ, Cao TS, Wu XY, Qiu HY, Zhao H, Qin CF. The infectivity and pathogenicity of hepatitis A virus live-attenuated vaccine strain H2 in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice. Virol Sin. 2022 Oct;37(5):740-745. doi: … Click for full citation}
9. Gene expression and involvement of signaling pathways during host-pathogen interplay in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection ^{(22)Panda S, Swain SK, Sahu BP, Sarangi R. Gene expression and involvement of signaling pathways during host-pathogen interplay in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. 3 Biotech. 2022 Sep;12(9):180. doi: 10.1007/s13205-022-03239-7. Epub 2022 Jul … Click for full citation}
10. ANCA-associated vasculitis following Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine ^{(23) Yadav R, Shah S, Chhetri S. ANCA-associated vasculitis following Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Jul;79:104123. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104123. Epub 2022 Jul 5. PMID: 35832214; PMCID: PMC9252924.}
11. Abstracts of Presentations at the Association of Clinical Scientists 143^rd Meeting Louisville, KY May 11-14,2022 ^{(24) Abstracts of Presentations at the Association of Clinical Scientists 143rd Meeting Louisville, KY May 11-14,2022. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2022 May;52(3):511-525. PMID: 35777803.}
12. Platelet and extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 infection and its vaccines ^{(25)Goubran H, Seghatchian J, Sabry W, Ragab G, Burnouf T. Platelet and extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 infection and its vaccines. Transfus Apher Sci. 2022 Jun;61(3):103459. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103459. Epub 2022 May 21. PMID: 35654711; … Click for full citation}
13. A Case of Membranous Nephropathy Hypothesized to be Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine ^{(26) Rashid W, Mousa H, Khan J, Ijaz F, Ezell GD. A Case of Membranous Nephropathy Hypothesized to be Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine. Cureus. 2022 Apr 18;14(4):e24245. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24245. PMID: 35602849; PMCID: PMC9116517.}
14. Immunogenicity of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Series ^{(27)Zhao T, Shen J, Zhu Y, Tian X, Wen G, Wei Y, Xu B, Fu C, Xie Z, Xi Y, Li Z, Peng J, Wu Y, Tang X, Wan C, Pan L, Li Z, Qin D. Immunogenicity of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Series. Front Public Health. … Click for full citation}
15. Neutrophil extracellular traps arm DC vaccination against NPM-mutant myeloproliferation ^{(28)Tripodo C, Bassani B, Jachetti E, Cancila V, Chiodoni C, Portararo P, Botti L, Valenti C, Perrone M, Ponzoni M, Comoli P, Lecchi M, Verderio P, Curti A, Colombo MP, Sangaletti S. Neutrophil extracellular traps arm DC vaccination against NPM-mutant … Click for full citation}
16. Vaccine Adjuvants Induce Formation of Intraperitoneal Extracellular Traps in Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) ^{(29)Li Q, Chi H, Shi X, Gan Q, Dalmo RA, Sun YY, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Vaccine Adjuvants Induce Formation of Intraperitoneal Extracellular Traps in Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Mar 30;12:875409. doi: … Click for full citation}
17. A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations ^{(30)Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS. A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations. Front Immunol. 2022 Feb 9;13:801522. doi: … Click for full citation}
18. Potential of Bacillus subtilis Against SARS-CoV-2 – A Sustainable Drug Development Perspective ^{(31)Khodavirdipour A, Chamanrokh P, Alikhani MY, Alikhani MS. Potential of Bacillus subtilis Against SARS-CoV-2 – A Sustainable Drug Development Perspective. Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 11;13:718786. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.718786. PMID: … Click for full citation}
19. Acantholytic Dyskeratosis Post-COVID Vaccination ^{(32) Yang K, Prussick L, Hartman R, Mahalingam M. Acantholytic Dyskeratosis Post-COVID Vaccination. Am J Dermatopathol. 2022 Jun 1;44(6):e61-e63. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002150. Epub 2022 Feb 15. PMID: 35170477.}
20. Aluminum Hydroxide And Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants Elicit A Different Innate Immune Response ^{(33)Kooijman S, Vrieling H, Verhagen L, de Ridder J, de Haan A, van Riet E, Heck AJR, Kersten GFA, Pennings JLA, Metz B, Meiring HD. Aluminum Hydroxide And Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants Elicit A Different Innate Immune Response. J Pharm Sci. 2022 … Click for full citation}
21. Adenovirus-α-Defensin Complexes Induce NLRP3-Associated Maturation of Human Phagocytes via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Engagement ^{(34)Eichholz K, Tran TH, Chéneau C, Tran TTP, Paris O, Pugniere M, Kremer EJ. Adenovirus-α-Defensin Complexes Induce NLRP3-Associated Maturation of Human Phagocytes via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Engagement. J Virol. 2022 Mar 23;96(6):e0185021. doi: … Click for full citation}
22. Langerhans cells and cDC1s play redundant roles in mRNA-LNP induced protective anti-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses ^{(35)Ndeupen S, Bouteau A, Herbst C, Qin Z, Jacobsen S, Powers NE, Hutchins Z, Kurup D, Diba LZ, Watson M, Ramage H, Igyártó BZ. Langerhans cells and cDC1s play redundant roles in mRNA-LNP induced protective anti-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune … Click for full citation}
23. Structure and Fc-Effector Function of Rhesusized Variants of Human Anti-HIV-1 IgG1s ^{(36)Tolbert WD, Nguyen DN, Tuyishime M, Crowley AR, Chen Y, Jha S, Goodman D, Bekker V, Mudrak SV, DeVico AL, Lewis GK, Theis JF, Pinter A, Moody MA, Easterhoff D, Wiehe K, Pollara J, Saunders KO, Tomaras GD, Ackerman M, Ferrari G, Pazgier M. Structure … Click for full citation}
24. The Route of Vaccine Administration Determines Whether Blood Neutrophils Undergo Long-Term Phenotypic Modifications ^{(37)Feraoun Y, Palgen JL, Joly C, Tchitchek N, Marcos-Lopez E, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Gallouet AS, Contreras V, Lévy Y, Martinon F, Le Grand R, Beignon AS. The Route of Vaccine Administration Determines Whether Blood Neutrophils Undergo Long-Term … Click for full citation}
25. Prior upregulation of interferon pathways in the nasopharynx impacts viral shedding following live attenuated influenza vaccine challenge in children ^{(38)Costa-Martins AG, Mane K, Lindsey BB, Ogava RLT, Castro Í, Jagne YJ, Sallah HJ, Armitage EP, Jarju S, Ahadzie B, Ellis-Watson R, Tregoning JS, Bingle CD, Bogaert D, Clarke E, Ordovas-Montanes J, Jeffries D, Kampmann B, Nakaya HI, de Silva TI. Prior … Click for full citation}
26. Propylthiouracil-Induced Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis after COVID-19 Vaccination ^{(39) Okuda S, Hirooka Y, Sugiyama M. Propylthiouracil-Induced Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis after COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jul 31;9(8):842. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080842. PMID: 34451967; PMCID: PMC8402331.}
27. Case Report: Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis With Acute Renal Failure and Pulmonary Hemorrhage May Occur After COVID-19 Vaccination ^{(40)Chen CC, Chen HY, Lu CC, Lin SH. Case Report: Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis With Acute Renal Failure and Pulmonary Hemorrhage May Occur After COVID-19 Vaccination. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Nov 11;8:765447. doi: … Click for full citation}
28. Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive optic perineuritis after mRNA coronavirus disease-19 vaccine ^{(41)Takenaka T, Matsuzaki M, Fujiwara S, Hayashida M, Suyama H, Kawamoto M. Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive optic perineuritis after mRNA coronavirus disease-19 vaccine. QJM. 2021 Dec 20;114(10):737-738. doi: … Click for full citation}
29. Association of Facial Pustular Neutrophilic Eruption With Messenger RNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine ^{(42)Merrill ED, Kashem SW, Amerson EH, Pincus LB, Lang UE, Shinkai K, Chang AY. Association of Facial Pustular Neutrophilic Eruption With Messenger RNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. JAMA Dermatol. 2021 Sep 1;157(9):1128-1130. doi: … Click for full citation}
30. Bullous neutrophilic dermatosis with severe acral oedema post-COVID-19 mRNA vaccination ^{(43) Goubar T, Star P, Donlon J, Gilbey T, Smith A. Bullous neutrophilic dermatosis with severe acral oedema post-COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Australas J Dermatol. 2022 May;63(2):e175-e177. doi: 10.1111/ajd.13783. Epub 2022 Jan 29. PMID: 35092306.}