Clouds of Secrecy – USA

on July 17, 2023 IN Rigged-AGENDA

Updated:9 months ago
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Just want to keep a running total of whenever I happen upon any “mainstream” news articles relating to germ warfare being sprayed on the population.

2016 — Business Insider: Over and over again, the military has conducted dangerous biowarfare experiments on Americans ^{⁽⁰¹⁾ Business Insider: Over and over again, the military has conducted dangerous biowarfare experiments on Americans Sep 26, 2016 https://www.businessinsider.com/military-government-secret-experiments-biological-chemical-weapons-2016-9}

Wow, mainstream media used to actually cite their references before they started just making things up and just becoming parrots of the few?

Washington

Washington’s National Airport and Greyhound bus terminal.

In 1964 and 1965 as part of a biological warfare experiment, personnel from the Army’s Special- Operations Division (SOD) used specially designed suitcases to spray a strain of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, on unsuspecting travelers in Washington’s crowded National Airport and Greyhound bus terminal. Considered a ‘harmless‘ agent by the Army, Bacillus subtilis has been found to cause symptoms of respiratory infections, blood poisoning and food poisoning.^{⁽⁰²⁾ CIA.GOV Army Conducted Germ Warfare Tests In Washington’s National Airport https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp90-00806r000201000017-0 ⁽⁰³⁾ CIA.GOV Army Conducted Germ Warfare Tests – News Article Copy https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP90-00806R000201000017-0.pdf}

San Francisco

On September 20, 1950, a US Navy ship just off the coast of San Francisco used a giant hose to spray a cloud of microbes into the air and into the city’s famous fog. The military was testing how a biological weapon attack would affect the 800,000 residents of the city. (Operation Sea-Spray) ^{⁽⁰⁴⁾ ‘One of the largest human experiments in history’ was conducted on unsuspecting residents of San Francisco Kevin Loria Jul 10, 2015 https://www.businessinsider.com/the-military-tested-bacterial-weapons-in-san-francisco-2015-7}

Operation-Sea-Spray-Serratia-marcescens-wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Sea-Spray

The Navy continued the tests for seven days, potentially causing at least one death (Nevin). It was one of the first large-scale biological weapon trials that would be conducted under a “germ warfare testing program” that went on for 20 years, from 1949 to 1969.

Operation-LAC-ZnCdS-Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_LAC

The goal “was to deter [the use of biological weapons] against the United States and its allies and to retaliate if deterrence failed,” the government explained later. ^{⁽⁰⁵⁾National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide. Toxicologic Assessment of the Army’s Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1997. Appendix A, Historical Background of the … Click for full citation}

Nevin’s grandson tried to sue the government for wrongful death, but the court held that the government was immune to a lawsuit for negligence and that they were justified in conducting tests without subjects’ knowledge. According to The Wall Street Journal, the Army stated that infections must have occurred inside the hospital and the US Attorney argued that they had to conduct tests in a populated area to see how a biological agent would affect that area. ^{⁽⁰⁶⁾NYTimes – 1981 – Judge’s Decision Expected Soon In California Germ Warfare Case https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/15/us/judge-s-decision-expected-soon-in-california-germ-warfre-case.html “The family of Edward J. Nevin, who died … Click for full citation ⁽⁰⁷⁾ The Wall Street Journal – 2001 – Of Microbes and Mock Attacks: Years Ago, The Military Sprayed Germs on U.S. Cities – Oct. 22, 2001 https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1003703226697496080}

Of the 239 known tests in that program, San Francisco was notable for two reasons, according to Dr. Leonard Cole, who documented the episode in his book “Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests Over Populated Areas.” ^{⁽⁰⁸⁾Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests Over Populated Areas Paperback – January 1, 1990 by Leonard A. Cole https://www.amazon.com/Clouds-Secrecy-Armys-Warfare-Populated/dp/082263001X | Archive.org PDF … Click for full citation ⁽⁰⁹⁾The Wall Street Journal – March 9, 1977 – Army Conducted 239 Secret, Open-Air Germ Warfare Tests … Click for full citation ⁽¹⁰⁾ Biological testing involving human subjects by the Department of Defense, 1977 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005321081&view=1up&seq=1}

^{Biological testing involving human subjects by the Department of Defense, 1977}

Cole, now the director of the Terror Medicine and Security Program at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, tells Business Insider that this incident was “notable: first, because it was really early in the program … but also because of the extraordinary coincidence that took place at Stanford Hospital, beginning days after the Army’s tests had taken place.”

Hospital staff were so shocked at the appearance of a patient infected with a bacteria, Serratia marcescens, that had never been found in the hospital and was rare in the area, that they published an article about it in a medical journal. The patient, Edward Nevin, died after the infection spread to his heart. ^{⁽¹¹⁾ WHEAT RP, ZUCKERMAN A, RANTZ LA. Infection due to chromobacteria; report of 11 cases. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1951 Oct;88(4):461-6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1951.03810100045004. PMID: 14867953. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14867953/}

Operation Sea-Spray

Rumble | Telegram

S. marcescens was one of the two types of bacteria the Navy ship had sprayed over the Bay Area. It wasn’t until the 1970s that Americans, as Cole wrote in the book, “learned that for decades they had been serving as experimental animals for agencies of their government.” ^{⁽¹²⁾ See also: Wikipedia > Serratia marcescens > Role in biowarfare testing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratia_marcescens}

In 2005, the FDA stated that “Serratia marcescens bacteria … can cause serious, life-threatening illness in patients with compromised immune systems.” The bacteria has shown up in a few other Bay Area health crises since the 1950s, according to The San Francisco Chronicle, leading to some speculation that the original spraying could have established a new microbial population in the area. ^{⁽¹³⁾FDA NEWS RELEASE | FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | March 18, 2005 | FDA Issues Nationwide Alert on ONE lot of Pharmedium Services magnesium sulfate solution … Click for full citation ⁽¹⁴⁾ The San Francisco Chronicle – Oct 31, 2004 – Serratia has dark history in region / Army test in 1950 may have changed microbial ecology https://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Serratia-has-dark-history-in-region-Army-test-2677623.php}

Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina

March–April 1952 – Five trials were conducted under Operation Dew. It was concluded that long-range aerosol clouds could obtain hundreds of miles of travel and large-area coverage when disseminated from ground level under certain meteorological conditions. Operation Dew refers to two separate field trials conducted by the United States in the 1950s. The tests were designed to study the behaviour of aerosol-released biological agents. ^{⁽¹⁵⁾ Operation Dew https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dew}

operation-DewII-wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dew

Minneapolis

The military tested how a biological or chemical weapon would spread throughout the country by spraying bacteria as well as various chemical powders — including an especially controversial one called zinc cadmium sulfide.

ZincCadmiumSulfide-NIH — https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK233494/

These sprays were tested on the ground too, with machines that would release clouds from city rooftops or intersections to see how they spread.

In the book, Cole cites military reports that documented various Minneapolis tests, including one where chemicals spread through a school. The clouds were clearly visible.

To prevent suspicion, the military pretended that they were testing a way to mask the whole city in order to protect it. They told city officials that “the tests involved efforts to measure ability to lay smoke screens about the city” to “hide” it in case of nuclear attack, according to Cole’s account.

“There was evidence that the powder after it was released would be then located a day or two later as far away as 1,200 miles,” Cole says. “There was a sense that you could really blanket the country with a similar agent.”

St. Louis

In 2012, Lisa Martino-Taylor, a sociology professor at St. Louis Community College-Meramec, released a report theorizing that the army’s experiments could be connected to cancer rates in a low-income, mostly black neighborhood in the city where zinc cadmium sulfide had been tested. ^{⁽¹⁶⁾ Business Insider – Oct 5 2012 – The Army Sprayed St. Louis With Toxic Aerosol During A Just Revealed 1950s Test https://www.businessinsider.com/army-sprayed-st-louis-with-toxic-dust-2012-10}

Her report prompted both senators from Missouri to write to the Army secretary, “demanding answers,” the Associated Press noted at the time.

While Martino-Taylor’s suggestion remains purely hypothetical, “the human dimension is never mentioned” in most Army documents, Cole writes in the book. Instead there’s just a discussion of how well the particulates spread and what they learned about the possibility of biological attacks from them.

New York

1966: “A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents”

The New York subway system experiments are among the most shocking in terms of the numbers of people exposed, according to Cole.

In a field test called “A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents,” military officials tried to see how easy it would be to unleash biological weapons using the New York City subway. ^{⁽¹⁷⁾ New York Daily News – Feb 22, 1998 – The Day Subway Got Dusted https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/day-subway-dusted-article-1.794791}

In a 1995 Newsday story, reporter Dennis Duggan contacted retired Army scientist Charles Senseney, who had testified about the experiments to a Senate subcommittee in 1975. In his testimony, he explained that one light bulb full of bacteria dropped at 14th Street easily spread the bacteria up to at least 58th Street. ^{⁽¹⁸⁾ Charles A Senseney, Department of Defense Employee, formerly in the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, Testimony https://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/vol1/pdf/ChurchV1_6_Senseney.pdf}

Experiments continued in New York for six days using Bacillus subtilis, then known as Bacillus globigii, and S. marcescens.

A paper from the National Academy of Sciences analyzing military experiments notes that B. globigii is “now considered a pathogen” and is often a cause of food poisoning. “Infections are rarely known to be fatal,” the report said — though fatal cases have occurred. ^{⁽¹⁹⁾2017, Advisory Panel for the Study of Long-term Health Effects of Participation in Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense), Institute of Medicine, the National Academies. … Click for full citation}

Tampa Bay

One 1979 Washington Post news story discusses open air experiments in the Tampa Bay area involving the release of pertussis, or whooping cough, in 1955. State records show that whooping cough cases in Florida spiked from 339 (one death) in 1954 to 1,080 (12 deaths) in 1955, according to that story. ^{⁽²⁰⁾ The Washington Post – 17 Dec 1979 – Report Suggests CIA Involvement In Fla. Illnesses https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/12/17/report-suggests-cia-involvement-in-fla-illnesses/5b10205e-170b-4e38-b64e-2e9bca8f50df/}

Military officials were called to testify before Congress in 1977 after information about these biological warfare experiments was revealed.

At the time, those officials said that determining just how vulnerable the US was to a biological attack “required extensive research and development to determine precisely our vulnerability, the efficacy of our protective measures, and the tactical and strategic capability of various delivery systems and agents,” according to a record of that testimony quoted in “Clouds of Secrecy.” ^{⁽²¹⁾ Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests Over Populated Areas By Leonard A. Cole p.163}

In 2001, a New York Times report revealed projects testing biological weapons that began under the Clinton administration and continued under the second Bush administration.

A 1972 treaty theoretically prohibited developing biological weapons, but this program justified it with the argument that new weapons needed to be studied in order to develop adequate defenses. ^{⁽²²⁾NY Times – SEPT. 4, 2001 – U.S. Germ Warfare Research Pushes Treaty Limits https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/world/us-germ-warfare-research-pushes-treaty-limits.html?pagewanted=all | Bypass Paywall, Archive.org … Click for full citation}

And the “War on Terror” raises other concerns, according to Cole.

After the 2001 anthrax attacks, funding for bioterrorism research spiked by $1.5 billion. Then in 2004, Congress approved another $5.6 billion bioterror research project. (Project BioShield) ^{⁽²³⁾President Bush Signs Project Bioshield Act of 2004 – Office of the Press Secretary – July 21, 2004 – Remarks by the President at the Signing of S.15 – Project Bioshield Act of 2004 … Click for full citation ⁽²⁴⁾ Project Bioshield & PREP Act https://pennybutler.com/project-bioshield-prep-act/}

These projects are meant to protect society from the dangers of biological agents, but they may have an unintended consequence, Cole says.

(Yeah, like, experimental toxins being injected into society without informed consent or proper safety tests under a false EUA… )

Read full article: BusinessInsider.com
See also: Wikipedia — Unethical human experimentation in the United States ^{⁽²⁵⁾ Unethical human experimentation in the United States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States}

(1950) Radiation: With nuclear weapons still in their infancy, Department of Defense detonated nuclear devices in desert areas and then monitored unsuspecting civilians in cities downwind from the blasts for medical problems and mortality rates. ^{⁽²⁶⁾ Long-Classified U.S. Estimates of Nuclear War Casualties During the Cold War Regularly Underestimated Deaths and Destruction https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2022-07-14/long-classified-us-estimates-nuclear-war-casualties-during}

(1950s) Bacteriological warfare: The U.S. Navy sprayed a cloud of bacteria over San Francisco to test how a large city would respond to more lethal biological attacks. Many residents became ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.

(1950s) Six simulated attacks were conducted upon the San Francisco Bay Area. It was concluded that it was feasible to attack a seaport city with biological aerosol agents from a ship offshore.

(1950s) In St. Louis in the mid 1950s, and again a decade later, the army sprayed zinc cadmium sulfide via motorized blowers atop Pruitt-Igoe, at schools, from the backs of station wagons, and via planes. ^{⁽²⁷⁾ The Army Sprayed St. Louis With Toxic Aerosol During A Just Revealed 1950s Test https://www.businessinsider.com/army-sprayed-st-louis-with-toxic-dust-2012-10}

(1950s) Operation Dew refers to two separate field trials conducted by the United States in the 1950s. The tests were designed to study the behavior of aerosol-released biological agents. ^{⁽²⁸⁾ Operation Dew https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dew}

(1955) Biological agents: In an experiment to test its ability to infect human populations with biological agents, the Central Intelligence Agency released bacteria in the Tampa, Florida, area. ^{⁽²⁹⁾ The Washington Post – 17 Dec 1979 – Report Suggests CIA Involvement In Fla. Illnesses https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/12/17/report-suggests-cia-involvement-in-fla-illnesses/5b10205e-170b-4e38-b64e-2e9bca8f50df/}

(1957) Operation LAC was undertaken in 1957 and 1958 by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps. The operation involved spraying large areas with zinc cadmium sulfide.^{⁽³⁰⁾ Operation LAC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_LAC}

(1964) In 1964 and 1965 as part of a biological warfare experiment, personnel from the Army’s Special- Operations Division (SOD) used, specially designed suitcases to spray a strain of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, on unsuspecting travelers in Washington’s crowded National, Airport and Greyhound bus terminal. Considered a’ harmless agent by the Army, Bacillus subtilis has been found to cause symptoms of respiratory infections, blood poisoning and food poisoning.^{⁽³¹⁾ CIA.GOV Army Conducted Germ Warfare Tests In Washington’s National Airport https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp90-00806r000201000017-0}

(1966) Germ warfare: More than a million civilians were exposed to germ warfare when U.S. Army scientists dropped light bulbs filled with bacteria onto ventilation grates throughout the New York City subway system. ^{⁽³²⁾ Charles A Senseney, Department of Defense Employee, formerly in the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, Testimony https://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/vol1/pdf/ChurchV1_6_Senseney.pdf}

(1977) Contamination: Senate hearings revealed that between 1949 and 1969, 239 highly populated areas, including San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama City (Florida), Minneapolis, and St. Louis, had been contaminated with biological agents.

(1995) Biological agents: Evidence surfaced that the biological agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, Texas, and Boca Raton, Florida, and tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections. [The experimentation in the Texas prisons is documented in Dr. Nicolson’s book entitled, Project Day Lily. See his Lecture on YouTube – Timestamp 38:11-] ^{⁽³³⁾Project Day Lily – September 1, 2005 – by Garth & Nicolson Nancy Nicolson https://www.amazon.com/Project-Lily-Garth-Nicolson-Nancy/dp/1413485197 The Project Day Lily story chronicles the events surrounding what the public knows as … Click for full citation ⁽³⁴⁾ “Dr. Garth L. Nicolson : Weaponized Mycoplasmas (Non-lethal Biological Warfare) Lecture presented at the 9th Common Cause Medical Research Foundation Conference, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada on Aug. 29-31, 2008, Published July 29, 2013. … Click for full citation}

(38:11) We talk about it in my book, Project Day Lilly, that my wife and I wrote about … they found a dusty copy of the experimental protocols that they were using in the prison system, and the minutes from the meetings where they approved the experiments … and they covered it up.

(56:22) We were actually forced to leave Texas. I was an endowed full professor and department chair at the University of Texas and I literally had to leave Texas because it just became too dangerous. Several of my colleagues died and my boss was shot in the back of the head in his office, because he was going to blow the whistle on the prison testing experiments. So, it became very dangerous.

Dr Garth Nicolson

But that was all in the past…?

So after all that, they couldn’t possibly be still using the same old “trust us” “safe and effective”, “testing non-toxic substances” “it’s for your safety” fairy-tale story?

Surely, they wouldn’t be up to the ol’ tricks…
“they’d never get away with it these days”

“That was in the past, we can trust our governments now”…

Washington D.C., 2008 and Boston, New York, 2015...

Boston – Scientists are releasing gases and fluorescent particles into Boston's subway tunnels on Friday to study how toxic chemicals and lethal biological agents could spread through the nation's oldest subway system in a terrorist attack.

It's part of a weeklong study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to figure out ways to quickly minimize the impact of an airborne assault on the nation's 15 subway systems and protect the nation's infrastructure. U.S. subway systems include 810 miles of track in tunnels and accounted for about 3.45 billion trips taken last year, according to the American Public Transportation Association.

Federal officials say similar tests were conducted in 2008 in the Washington, D.C., area, serving as an excellent contrast to the Boston study. ^{⁽³⁶⁾ Fox News - January 8, 2015 | Scientists Simulate Terror Attack on Boston Subway https://www.foxnews.com/science/scientists-simulate-terror-attack-on-boston-subway}

Boston, New York, September 2021…

U.S. Department of Homeland Security – New York Subway, September 2021 (PDF)
^{⁽³⁷⁾Final Environmental Assessment of Proposed Tracer Particle and Gas Releases for Chemical and Bio-Defense Testbed (CBT) Program and Urban Threat Dispersion (UTD) Program Prepared for the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology … Click for full citation}

[Sept-Oct 2021] New York Subway — completely “non-toxic” gas — for your “safety”

Rumble | Telegram

‘Don’t be alarmed!’ US carries out eerie drill to imitate ‘chemical attack’ on NYC

US SECURITY officials are pumping non-toxic gas throughout the New York City subway system over the next two weeks, and have urged residents not to be alarmed by the tests.

The Department of Homeland Security will be releasing non-toxic gas into the subway starting today, and, officials say it is for your safety. Reagan Medgie live in Union Square with more on this. Reagan, good morning.

Yes, that study will be happening through several subway stations across the city, Union Square being one. Basically, researchers will be pumping that non-toxic gas throughout the subway system to imitate a biological and chemical attack.

“This is not to signal to people that there’s an imminent threat,” ~ Michael Balboni

and this isn’t the first time researchers have released non-toxic particles and gases into the New York City subway system as part of a study on airborne terrorism threats. Here’s video from 2016 during an air flow test and likely what strap hangers will see during their commute — on random days — within the next two weeks.

“The key here is that if you believe your adversaries want to take down the core central transit system, well, how would they do that? Well, this would be one of those ways.” ~ Michael Balboni

Michael Balboni is the former Homeland Security advisor for New York State. He explains the particles and gases used in the study will imitate the movement of biological and chemical agents in a densely populated urban environment. Those gases will be tracked, allowing researchers to understand the relationship between air flow on street level and in underground environments.

“This is just a part of a proactive stance by the MTA to make sure that people are comfortable with the knowledge that the airflow has been tested.” ~ Michael Balboni

Now the duration of this study will start today and go until next Friday, but only five separate days, and of course, there should be signage up in the subway system to make sure that everyone is aware. I did check in here at the Union Square and I did not see any signage just yet. We’re live here in Union Square, Reagan Medgie. Good day, New York. Bianca back to you.

“The DHS confirmed that popular destinations including Times Square, World Trade Center Complex and Union Square Park will be tested.” ^{⁽³⁸⁾ Oct 24, 2021 Express.co.uk “Don’t be alarmed! US – chemical attack drill – NYC https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1510746/US-security-threat-New-York-City-terrorism-drills-subway-gas-biological-chemical-attack-vn}

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References[+]

References
01	Business Insider: Over and over again, the military has conducted dangerous biowarfare experiments on Americans Sep 26, 2016 https://www.businessinsider.com/military-government-secret-experiments-biological-chemical-weapons-2016-9
02	CIA.GOV Army Conducted Germ Warfare Tests In Washington’s National Airport https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp90-00806r000201000017-0
03	CIA.GOV Army Conducted Germ Warfare Tests – News Article Copy https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP90-00806R000201000017-0.pdf
04	‘One of the largest human experiments in history’ was conducted on unsuspecting residents of San Francisco Kevin Loria Jul 10, 2015 https://www.businessinsider.com/the-military-tested-bacterial-weapons-in-san-francisco-2015-7
05	National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide. Toxicologic Assessment of the Army’s Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1997. Appendix A, Historical Background of the U.S. Biologic-Warfare Program. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK233494/
06	NYTimes – 1981 – Judge’s Decision Expected Soon In California Germ Warfare Case https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/15/us/judge-s-decision-expected-soon-in-california-germ-warfre-case.html “The family of Edward J. Nevin, who died here in 1950, has argued in a lawsuit that his death was caused by a bacteria warfare experiment conducted by the Government off the California coast.”
07	The Wall Street Journal – 2001 – Of Microbes and Mock Attacks: Years Ago, The Military Sprayed Germs on U.S. Cities – Oct. 22, 2001 https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1003703226697496080
08	Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests Over Populated Areas Paperback – January 1, 1990 by Leonard A. Cole https://www.amazon.com/Clouds-Secrecy-Armys-Warfare-Populated/dp/082263001X \| Archive.org PDF https://archive.org/details/cloudsofsecrecya00cole
09	The Wall Street Journal – March 9, 1977 – Army Conducted 239 Secret, Open-Air Germ Warfare Tests https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/03/09/army-conducted-239-secret-open-air-germ-warfare-tests/b17e5ee7-3006-4152-acf3-0ad163e17a22/ “The Army disclosed yesterday that it secretly conducted 239 germ warfare tests in open air between 1949 and 1969, some tests releasing live but supposedly harmless microscope “bugs” at Washington’s Greyhound bus terminal and National Airport as part of the experiment. The idea, according to a two-volume report the Army gave to the senate health subcommittee yesterday, was to learn how to wage biological warfare and defend against it.”
10	Biological testing involving human subjects by the Department of Defense, 1977 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005321081&view=1up&seq=1
11	WHEAT RP, ZUCKERMAN A, RANTZ LA. Infection due to chromobacteria; report of 11 cases. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1951 Oct;88(4):461-6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1951.03810100045004. PMID: 14867953. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14867953/
12	See also: Wikipedia > Serratia marcescens > Role in biowarfare testing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratia_marcescens
13	FDA NEWS RELEASE \| FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE \| March 18, 2005 \| FDA Issues Nationwide Alert on ONE lot of Pharmedium Services magnesium sulfate solution https://web.archive.org/web/20090710065615/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2005/ucm108422.htm “FDA is issuing a nationwide alert against the use of PharMEDium Services Magnesium Sulfate 1 gram in 50mL D5W (piggyback) IV solution, lot number 100504900049 and expiration date 4/4/05. This product is manufactured by PharMEDium Services of Houston, Texas and may be contaminated with Serratia marcescens bacteria that can cause serious, life-threatening illness in patients with compromised immune systems.”
14	The San Francisco Chronicle – Oct 31, 2004 – Serratia has dark history in region / Army test in 1950 may have changed microbial ecology https://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Serratia-has-dark-history-in-region-Army-test-2677623.php
15, 28	Operation Dew https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dew
16	Business Insider – Oct 5 2012 – The Army Sprayed St. Louis With Toxic Aerosol During A Just Revealed 1950s Test https://www.businessinsider.com/army-sprayed-st-louis-with-toxic-dust-2012-10
17	New York Daily News – Feb 22, 1998 – The Day Subway Got Dusted https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/day-subway-dusted-article-1.794791
18	Charles A Senseney, Department of Defense Employee, formerly in the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, Testimony https://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/vol1/pdf/ChurchV1_6_Senseney.pdf
19	2017, Advisory Panel for the Study of Long-term Health Effects of Participation in Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense), Institute of Medicine, the National Academies. https://web.archive.org/web/20170607064346/https://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2007/Long-Term-Health-Effects-of-Participation-in-Project-SHAD-Shipboard-Hazard-and-Defense/BACILLUSGLOBIGII.pdf “In Project SHAD, B. globigii was one of the simulants for biological warfare agents. It was used to determine characteristics such as the behavior of biological aerosols such as downwind travel, dispersion, penetration, and the tenacity of its presence after washing equipment (Project 112 Autumn Gold 2001).”
20	The Washington Post – 17 Dec 1979 – Report Suggests CIA Involvement In Fla. Illnesses https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/12/17/report-suggests-cia-involvement-in-fla-illnesses/5b10205e-170b-4e38-b64e-2e9bca8f50df/
21	Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests Over Populated Areas By Leonard A. Cole p.163
22	NY Times – SEPT. 4, 2001 – U.S. Germ Warfare Research Pushes Treaty Limits https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/world/us-germ-warfare-research-pushes-treaty-limits.html?pagewanted=all \| Bypass Paywall, Archive.org https://web.archive.org/web/20161005011929/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/world/us-germ-warfare-research-pushes-treaty-limits.html?pagewanted=all
23	President Bush Signs Project Bioshield Act of 2004 – Office of the Press Secretary – July 21, 2004 – Remarks by the President at the Signing of S.15 – Project Bioshield Act of 2004 https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/07/20040721-2.html
24	Project Bioshield & PREP Act https://pennybutler.com/project-bioshield-prep-act/
25	Unethical human experimentation in the United States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States
26	Long-Classified U.S. Estimates of Nuclear War Casualties During the Cold War Regularly Underestimated Deaths and Destruction https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2022-07-14/long-classified-us-estimates-nuclear-war-casualties-during
27	The Army Sprayed St. Louis With Toxic Aerosol During A Just Revealed 1950s Test https://www.businessinsider.com/army-sprayed-st-louis-with-toxic-dust-2012-10
29	The Washington Post – 17 Dec 1979 – Report Suggests CIA Involvement In Fla. Illnesses https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/12/17/report-suggests-cia-involvement-in-fla-illnesses/5b10205e-170b-4e38-b64e-2e9bca8f50df/
30	Operation LAC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_LAC
31	CIA.GOV Army Conducted Germ Warfare Tests In Washington’s National Airport https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp90-00806r000201000017-0
32	Charles A Senseney, Department of Defense Employee, formerly in the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, Testimony https://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/vol1/pdf/ChurchV1_6_Senseney.pdf
33	Project Day Lily – September 1, 2005 – by Garth & Nicolson Nancy Nicolson https://www.amazon.com/Project-Lily-Garth-Nicolson-Nancy/dp/1413485197 The Project Day Lily story chronicles the events surrounding what the public knows as “Gulf War Syndrome.” Project Day Lily tells the story of the discovery that men and women of our Armed Forces were actually exposed to chemical and biological mixtures from missiles and sprayers during the Gulf War that were supplied, in part, by a sinister network using a group of rogue bureaucrats, intelligence operatives and scientists. They were also exposed to contaminants in the multiple vaccines given during deployment. Project Day Lily presents the story of how one of these biological agents was found by two American scientists in veterans of the Gulf War and in civilians as part of a massive testing program and how various academic and governmental employees did everything in their power to prevent this information from being released to the American public.
34	“Dr. Garth L. Nicolson : Weaponized Mycoplasmas (Non-lethal Biological Warfare) Lecture presented at the 9th Common Cause Medical Research Foundation Conference, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada on Aug. 29-31, 2008, Published July 29, 2013. https://youtu.be/9ZN-kXZMzqU
35	United States Army – Biological Warfare – Vol I – 1977 – Unclassified (PDF) https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB58/RNCBW_USABWP.pdf
36	Fox News - January 8, 2015 \| Scientists Simulate Terror Attack on Boston Subway https://www.foxnews.com/science/scientists-simulate-terror-attack-on-boston-subway
37	Final Environmental Assessment of Proposed Tracer Particle and Gas Releases for Chemical and Bio-Defense Testbed (CBT) Program and Urban Threat Dispersion (UTD) Program Prepared for the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate September 2021 https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ea_utd_cbt_v7clean.pdf
38	Oct 24, 2021 Express.co.uk “Don’t be alarmed! US – chemical attack drill – NYC https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1510746/US-security-threat-New-York-City-terrorism-drills-subway-gas-biological-chemical-attack-vn

Penny (PennyButler.com)

Truth-seeker, ever-questioning, ever-learning, ever-researching, ever delving further and deeper, ever trying to 'figure it out'. This site is a legacy of sorts, a place to collect thoughts, notes, book summaries, & random points of interests.

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