Clouds of Secrecy – USA
Just want to keep a running total of whenever I happen upon any “mainstream” news articles relating to germ warfare being sprayed on the population.
2016 — Business Insider: Over and over again, the military has conducted dangerous biowarfare experiments on Americans (01)
Wow, mainstream media used to actually cite their references before they started just making things up and just becoming parrots of the few?
Washington
Washington’s National Airport and Greyhound bus terminal.
In 1964 and 1965 as part of a biological warfare experiment, personnel from the Army’s Special- Operations Division (SOD) used specially designed suitcases to spray a strain of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, on unsuspecting travelers in Washington’s crowded National Airport and Greyhound bus terminal. Considered a ‘harmless‘ agent by the Army, Bacillus subtilis has been found to cause symptoms of respiratory infections, blood poisoning and food poisoning. (02) (03)
San Francisco
On September 20, 1950, a US Navy ship just off the coast of San Francisco used a giant hose to spray a cloud of microbes into the air and into the city’s famous fog. The military was testing how a biological weapon attack would affect the 800,000 residents of the city. (Operation Sea-Spray) (04)
The Navy continued the tests for seven days, potentially causing at least one death (Nevin). It was one of the first large-scale biological weapon trials that would be conducted under a “germ warfare testing program” that went on for 20 years, from 1949 to 1969.
The goal “was to deter [the use of biological weapons] against the United States and its allies and to retaliate if deterrence failed,” the government explained later. (05)
Nevin’s grandson tried to sue the government for wrongful death, but the court held that the government was immune to a lawsuit for negligence and that they were justified in conducting tests without subjects’ knowledge. According to The Wall Street Journal, the Army stated that infections must have occurred inside the hospital and the US Attorney argued that they had to conduct tests in a populated area to see how a biological agent would affect that area. (06) (07)
Of the 239 known tests in that program, San Francisco was notable for two reasons, according to Dr. Leonard Cole, who documented the episode in his book “Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests Over Populated Areas.” (08) (09) (10)
Cole, now the director of the Terror Medicine and Security Program at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, tells Business Insider that this incident was “notable: first, because it was really early in the program … but also because of the extraordinary coincidence that took place at Stanford Hospital, beginning days after the Army’s tests had taken place.”
Hospital staff were so shocked at the appearance of a patient infected with a bacteria, Serratia marcescens, that had never been found in the hospital and was rare in the area, that they published an article about it in a medical journal. The patient, Edward Nevin, died after the infection spread to his heart. (11)
Operation Sea-Spray
S. marcescens was one of the two types of bacteria the Navy ship had sprayed over the Bay Area. It wasn’t until the 1970s that Americans, as Cole wrote in the book, “learned that for decades they had been serving as experimental animals for agencies of their government.” (12)
In 2005, the FDA stated that “Serratia marcescens bacteria … can cause serious, life-threatening illness in patients with compromised immune systems.” The bacteria has shown up in a few other Bay Area health crises since the 1950s, according to The San Francisco Chronicle, leading to some speculation that the original spraying could have established a new microbial population in the area. (13) (14)
Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina
March–April 1952 – Five trials were conducted under Operation Dew. It was concluded that long-range aerosol clouds could obtain hundreds of miles of travel and large-area coverage when disseminated from ground level under certain meteorological conditions. Operation Dew refers to two separate field trials conducted by the United States in the 1950s. The tests were designed to study the behaviour of aerosol-released biological agents. (15)
Minneapolis
The military tested how a biological or chemical weapon would spread throughout the country by spraying bacteria as well as various chemical powders — including an especially controversial one called zinc cadmium sulfide.
These sprays were tested on the ground too, with machines that would release clouds from city rooftops or intersections to see how they spread.
In the book, Cole cites military reports that documented various Minneapolis tests, including one where chemicals spread through a school. The clouds were clearly visible.
To prevent suspicion, the military pretended that they were testing a way to mask the whole city in order to protect it. They told city officials that “the tests involved efforts to measure ability to lay smoke screens about the city” to “hide” it in case of nuclear attack, according to Cole’s account.
“There was evidence that the powder after it was released would be then located a day or two later as far away as 1,200 miles,” Cole says. “There was a sense that you could really blanket the country with a similar agent.”
St. Louis
In 2012, Lisa Martino-Taylor, a sociology professor at St. Louis Community College-Meramec, released a report theorizing that the army’s experiments could be connected to cancer rates in a low-income, mostly black neighborhood in the city where zinc cadmium sulfide had been tested. (16)
Her report prompted both senators from Missouri to write to the Army secretary, “demanding answers,” the Associated Press noted at the time.
While Martino-Taylor’s suggestion remains purely hypothetical, “the human dimension is never mentioned” in most Army documents, Cole writes in the book. Instead there’s just a discussion of how well the particulates spread and what they learned about the possibility of biological attacks from them.
New York
1966: “A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents”
The New York subway system experiments are among the most shocking in terms of the numbers of people exposed, according to Cole.
In a field test called “A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents,” military officials tried to see how easy it would be to unleash biological weapons using the New York City subway. (17)
In a 1995 Newsday story, reporter Dennis Duggan contacted retired Army scientist Charles Senseney, who had testified about the experiments to a Senate subcommittee in 1975. In his testimony, he explained that one light bulb full of bacteria dropped at 14th Street easily spread the bacteria up to at least 58th Street. (18)
Experiments continued in New York for six days using Bacillus subtilis, then known as Bacillus globigii, and S. marcescens.
A paper from the National Academy of Sciences analyzing military experiments notes that B. globigii is “now considered a pathogen” and is often a cause of food poisoning. “Infections are rarely known to be fatal,” the report said — though fatal cases have occurred. (19)
Tampa Bay
One 1979 Washington Post news story discusses open air experiments in the Tampa Bay area involving the release of pertussis, or whooping cough, in 1955. State records show that whooping cough cases in Florida spiked from 339 (one death) in 1954 to 1,080 (12 deaths) in 1955, according to that story. (20)
Military officials were called to testify before Congress in 1977 after information about these biological warfare experiments was revealed.
At the time, those officials said that determining just how vulnerable the US was to a biological attack “required extensive research and development to determine precisely our vulnerability, the efficacy of our protective measures, and the tactical and strategic capability of various delivery systems and agents,” according to a record of that testimony quoted in “Clouds of Secrecy.” (21)
In 2001, a New York Times report revealed projects testing biological weapons that began under the Clinton administration and continued under the second Bush administration.
A 1972 treaty theoretically prohibited developing biological weapons, but this program justified it with the argument that new weapons needed to be studied in order to develop adequate defenses. (22)
And the “War on Terror” raises other concerns, according to Cole.
After the 2001 anthrax attacks, funding for bioterrorism research spiked by $1.5 billion. Then in 2004, Congress approved another $5.6 billion bioterror research project. (Project BioShield) (23) (24)
These projects are meant to protect society from the dangers of biological agents, but they may have an unintended consequence, Cole says.
(Yeah, like, experimental toxins being injected into society without informed consent or proper safety tests under a false EUA… )
- Read full article: BusinessInsider.com
- See also: Wikipedia — Unethical human experimentation in the United States (25)
(1950) Radiation: With nuclear weapons still in their infancy, Department of Defense detonated nuclear devices in desert areas and then monitored unsuspecting civilians in cities downwind from the blasts for medical problems and mortality rates. (26)
(1950s) Bacteriological warfare: The U.S. Navy sprayed a cloud of bacteria over San Francisco to test how a large city would respond to more lethal biological attacks. Many residents became ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.
(1950s) Six simulated attacks were conducted upon the San Francisco Bay Area. It was concluded that it was feasible to attack a seaport city with biological aerosol agents from a ship offshore.
(1950s) In St. Louis in the mid 1950s, and again a decade later, the army sprayed zinc cadmium sulfide via motorized blowers atop Pruitt-Igoe, at schools, from the backs of station wagons, and via planes. (27)
(1950s) Operation Dew refers to two separate field trials conducted by the United States in the 1950s. The tests were designed to study the behavior of aerosol-released biological agents. (28)
(1955) Biological agents: In an experiment to test its ability to infect human populations with biological agents, the Central Intelligence Agency released bacteria in the Tampa, Florida, area. (29)
(1957) Operation LAC was undertaken in 1957 and 1958 by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps. The operation involved spraying large areas with zinc cadmium sulfide. (30)
(1964) In 1964 and 1965 as part of a biological warfare experiment, personnel from the Army’s Special- Operations Division (SOD) used, specially designed suitcases to spray a strain of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, on unsuspecting travelers in Washington’s crowded National, Airport and Greyhound bus terminal. Considered a’ harmless agent by the Army, Bacillus subtilis has been found to cause symptoms of respiratory infections, blood poisoning and food poisoning. (31)
(1966) Germ warfare: More than a million civilians were exposed to germ warfare when U.S. Army scientists dropped light bulbs filled with bacteria onto ventilation grates throughout the New York City subway system. (32)
(1977) Contamination: Senate hearings revealed that between 1949 and 1969, 239 highly populated areas, including San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama City (Florida), Minneapolis, and St. Louis, had been contaminated with biological agents.
(1995) Biological agents: Evidence surfaced that the biological agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, Texas, and Boca Raton, Florida, and tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections. [The experimentation in the Texas prisons is documented in Dr. Nicolson’s book entitled, Project Day Lily. See his Lecture on YouTube – Timestamp 38:11-] (33) (34)
(38:11) We talk about it in my book, Project Day Lilly, that my wife and I wrote about … they found a dusty copy of the experimental protocols that they were using in the prison system, and the minutes from the meetings where they approved the experiments … and they covered it up.
(56:22) We were actually forced to leave Texas. I was an endowed full professor and department chair at the University of Texas and I literally had to leave Texas because it just became too dangerous. Several of my colleagues died and my boss was shot in the back of the head in his office, because he was going to blow the whistle on the prison testing experiments. So, it became very dangerous.
See also:
US Army – Biological Warfare – Vol I – 1977 – Unclassified (PDF) (35)
But that was all in the past…?
So after all that, they couldn’t possibly be still using the same old “trust us” “safe and effective”, “testing non-toxic substances” “it’s for your safety” fairy-tale story?
Surely, they wouldn’t be up to the ol’ tricks…
“they’d never get away with it these days”
“That was in the past, we can trust our governments now”…
Washington D.C., 2008 and Boston, New York, 2015...
Boston – Scientists are releasing gases and fluorescent particles into Boston's subway tunnels on Friday to study how toxic chemicals and lethal biological agents could spread through the nation's oldest subway system in a terrorist attack.
It's part of a weeklong study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to figure out ways to quickly minimize the impact of an airborne assault on the nation's 15 subway systems and protect the nation's infrastructure. U.S. subway systems include 810 miles of track in tunnels and accounted for about 3.45 billion trips taken last year, according to the American Public Transportation Association.
Federal officials say similar tests were conducted in 2008 in the Washington, D.C., area, serving as an excellent contrast to the Boston study. (36)
Boston, New York, September 2021…
[Sept-Oct 2021] New York Subway — completely “non-toxic” gas — for your “safety”
‘Don’t be alarmed!’ US carries out eerie drill to imitate ‘chemical attack’ on NYC
US SECURITY officials are pumping non-toxic gas throughout the New York City subway system over the next two weeks, and have urged residents not to be alarmed by the tests.
The Department of Homeland Security will be releasing non-toxic gas into the subway starting today, and, officials say it is for your safety. Reagan Medgie live in Union Square with more on this. Reagan, good morning.
Yes, that study will be happening through several subway stations across the city, Union Square being one. Basically, researchers will be pumping that non-toxic gas throughout the subway system to imitate a biological and chemical attack.
“This is not to signal to people that there’s an imminent threat,” ~ Michael Balboni
and this isn’t the first time researchers have released non-toxic particles and gases into the New York City subway system as part of a study on airborne terrorism threats. Here’s video from 2016 during an air flow test and likely what strap hangers will see during their commute — on random days — within the next two weeks.
“The key here is that if you believe your adversaries want to take down the core central transit system, well, how would they do that? Well, this would be one of those ways.” ~ Michael Balboni
Michael Balboni is the former Homeland Security advisor for New York State. He explains the particles and gases used in the study will imitate the movement of biological and chemical agents in a densely populated urban environment. Those gases will be tracked, allowing researchers to understand the relationship between air flow on street level and in underground environments.
“This is just a part of a proactive stance by the MTA to make sure that people are comfortable with the knowledge that the airflow has been tested.” ~ Michael Balboni
Now the duration of this study will start today and go until next Friday, but only five separate days, and of course, there should be signage up in the subway system to make sure that everyone is aware. I did check in here at the Union Square and I did not see any signage just yet. We’re live here in Union Square, Reagan Medgie. Good day, New York. Bianca back to you.
“The DHS confirmed that popular destinations including Times Square, World Trade Center Complex and Union Square Park will be tested.” (38)
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